As a Java programmer, I work on various projects based on different Java versions, especially since the transition to the six-month release cycle. From time to time, I also have a piece of Java code that I want to try out on different Java versions – on the command line without having to click through the menus of my IDE. So it is helpful to be able to quickly and easily change the Java version to be used for compiling code or executing class files.
In this article, I'll show you how to install several Java versions simultaneously in Windows and how to switch between them on the command line with short commands.
Installing several Java versions at the same time is incredibly easy in Windows. You can download and run the installer for each version, which automatically installs the versions in separate directories.
C:\jdk1.2.2\ and C:\Program Files (x86)\JavaSoft\JRE\1.2\ by default – I recommend changing this to C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.2.2\ and C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre1.2.2\ for the sake of clarity.C:\jdk1.3.1_28\ by default – I recommend changing this to C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.3.1_28\. C:\j2sdk1.4.2_19\ by default – I recommend changing this to C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.4.2_19\.Starting with the following versions, you don't need to change the default installation directories:
Attention – you may use the following Oracle distributions only for private purposes and development:
The following version is currently an early access build. You should use it only for testing purposes:
In most cases, the following two environment variables decide which Java version an application uses:
JAVA_HOME – many start scripts use this variable.Path – is used when running a Java binary (such as java and javac) from the console.These variables should always point to the same Java installation to avoid unforeseen problems due to inconsistencies. Some programs, such as Eclipse, define the Java version in a separate configuration file (for Eclipse, for example, this is the entry "-vm" in the eclipse.ini file).
The installers of the Java versions listed above already create various environment variables, which you need to clean up first (see below). The fastest way to change the environment variables is to press the Windows key and type "env" – Windows then offers "Edit the system environment variables" as a search result:
At this point, you can press "Enter," and the system properties appear:
Here you click on "Environment Variables…", after which the following window opens:
As the standard version, I currently use the latest release version, Java 16. Therefore, you should make the following settings:
C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapathC:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath%JAVA_HOME%\binThe path list should then look like this:
The last entry ensures that Path and JAVA_HOME are automatically consistent. Attention: this only works for the default setting configured here. If you change JAVA_HOME via the command line, you have to adjust Path accordingly (more about this below).
Now open a command line to check the settings with the following commands:
echo %JAVA_HOME%
java -version
As a result, you should see this:
Finally, we come to the possibility to change the Java version quickly and easily. Therefore I create a separate command for each Java version, called, for example, java16, java15, java14, java13. I put these commands in the directory C:\Program Files\Java\scripts, which I add to the environment variable "Path" as described before:
The files are named, for example, java16.bat, java15.bat, java14.bat, java13.bat, and change the environment variables as shown in the following example of java16.bat:
@echo off
set JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-16
set Path=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%Path%
echo Java 16 activated.This script, admittedly kept very simple, inserts the bin directory of the Java version to be activated at the beginning of the Path variable, so that is where, for example, java.exe is looked for first. The path variable becomes longer with each switching. However, since this is only the case for the currently opened command prompt, I don't think this is a problem.
The following ZIP file contains all my scripts from Java 1.2 to Java 17 (you might have to adopt one or the other Java directory to your installation): scripts-up-to-jdk17.zip
You can quickly test whether the scripts work in a command line. Attention: after adding the scripts directory to the Path variable, you have to open a new command line.
At this point, the setup is complete. I hope this article was helpful for you, and I'd love to hear your comments. If you liked the article, I'd be happy if you shared it via one of the following share icons.
I did this and now I can use command prompts to switch between versions as verified with "java -version" BUT I still cannot get my browser based interface to function correctly on the version 6. It DOES function correctly if I uninstall all Javas and reinstall just 6. Does this method not work for browser based applications?
Java folder is not editable. we cannot create any file in it.
Try creating files in some other directory (say D drive) and then move those files to java folder. While moving, Windows will show a Administrator dialog box, click YES.
Just wanted to leave a side note, I had found that whilst I had JAVA_HOME set to jdk 1.6 and had removed from PATH:
- C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath
- C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath
I had to move the %JAVA_HOME%\bin to the first option in the PATH as before when it was last in the list of values, when I ran java -version in cmd, it reported java 1.8 instead of java 1.6 which did show when I ran: echo %JAVA_HOME%
Might be something to do with the PATH value %SystemRoot%\system32 which is high up in the list and appears to have a java.exe placed within (might have been placed by the jdk8 installation perhaps?)
Finally solution that WORKS. Thats also so great that you provided scripts.
You just need to remember that after switching java version with script and closing terminal, next terminal will open with java default version, not the one from last script run.
Thank you!
Really Appreciated for this post
But it is only working in the command prompt.
I am using gitbash here it is not working.
can you assist where I can change it?
Once I switch the version how would I keep it same across?
Sven, there is a side affect in this script. Every time you run one of those scripts, a new JAVA_HOME entry is prepended to your path. As an example, I ran java8.bat three times in a row, and this is the start of my PATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_201\bin;C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_201\bin;C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_201\bin".
Hi Kolton, yes I know, I couldn't find an easy way to fix this. But the changes are not permanent, they only apply to the current prompt. Therefore I think it is OK.
Thank you! This helps a lot! especially the script!
Just a little correction:
If you add JAVA_HOME = C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15\ and then add "%JAVA_HOME%\bin" to Path, the command "echo %Path%" displays: "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-15\\bin" (with double \\). Therefore, I had to remove the last \ from JAVA_HOME.
Forgot to mention that the article was very helpful. Thank you very much!
Thanks for the correction! You are absolutely right. I've changed it in the screenshots and text.
Hello everyone.
First of all thanks for the script.
In my case the change of jdk worked but each time a new terminal was launched the default jdk came back ...
As a result, I modified the script so that now with each change, the jdk selected by script is 'saved'. You have to add the REG (be careful , only in one line) line as below by adapting the right path of the jdk to your configuration:
@echo off
set JAVA_HOME = C: \ OpenJDK-15
set Path =% JAVA_HOME% \ bin;% Path%
REG ADD "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ ControlSet001 \ Control \ Session Manager \ Environment" undefined v "JAVA_HOME" undefined t "REG_SZ" undefined d "C: \ OpenJDK-15 \\" undefined f
echo Java 15 activated.
be careful too, no space in script with \ and %
Great idea JavaMan
Could you please share the correct "reg add" command ? I think it will help.
What means thes "undefined" string in the REG ADD command ?
I've tried with this :
REG ADD "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager\Environment" undefined v "JAVA_HOME" undefined t "REG_SZ" undefined d "C:\Program Files\OpenJDK\openjdk-8u262-b10\" undefined f
But the commande is not working. do you see something wrong here ?
Thank you
I love you. This was the easiest thing to follow.
Thanks - happy that I could help :)
actually the easiest way is to use https://github.com/shyiko/jabba which gives you a hand on version selection, installation and auto switching, all the things that a good java version manager can provide.
cheers!
Thankyou Sven Woltmann.
I used your post and enjoyed it
Thanks.
Thanks for the informative guide.
One strange thing that happened to me is because I had folders with special characters in my path variable (C:\Adb&FastBoot), set Path=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%Path% would still work but also echo Fastboot is not a recognized command. Probably breaking some other things after the C:\Adb&FastBoot.
Altering the switching scripts from set Path=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%Path% to set "Path=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%Path%" sorted things out.
Thank you Erdem, for your message. This hopefully helps others, too.
PowerShell version of the script
$Env:JAVA_HOME="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.5"
$Env:Path="$Env:JAVA_HOME\bin;$Env:Path"
Write-Host Java 11 activated.
Thank you Hamed!
Delete the following entries under "Path":
C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath
Why are we deleting these two?
Because we want to use the Java executables in %JAVA_HOME%\bin; not in C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath or C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath.
I didn't set it up on the Windows 10 Server but I think that when it starts as a service using Tomcat9.exe it is ignoring the environment variable and using the -auto option to locate the JVM in the registry. I am not a Windows aficionado so I am not sure what the registry key would be and there are only about 1500 of them.
Hey Don, I've never set up Tomcat as a Service on Windows. But usually, Tomcat has a setenv.bat file in the bin directory, where you can set the JAVA_HOME environment variable.
This has been one of the most fruitful topics I have read and implemented in a long time. This problem of working on multiple Java versions simultaneously has been haunting me for a long time. The solution provided is cute, simple and it is going to save several hours of misery for me. Thanks
Thanks for the inspiration, I did not want to change the java version "per shell/terminal" but rather for the user/machine.
I wrote a litte tool to help me do this. It's freely available at https://www.nuget.org/packages/JavaVersionSwitcher/
Love to hear what you think of it.